Ibyingenzi Byingenzi byahinduwe Nucleoside

Intangiriro

Nucleoside, ibice byubaka aside nucleique (ADN na RNA), bigira uruhare runini mubinyabuzima byose. Muguhindura izo molekile, abahanga bafunguye ibintu byinshi bishoboka mubushakashatsi nubuvuzi. Muri iyi ngingo, tuzasesengura bimwe mubyingenzi byingenzi byanucleoside.

Uruhare rwa Nucleoside yahinduwe

Nucleoside yahinduwe ikorwa muguhindura imiterere ya nucleoside karemano, nka adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, na uridine. Ihinduka rishobora kubamo impinduka zifatizo, isukari, cyangwa byombi. Imiterere yahinduwe irashobora gutanga imitungo mishya kuri nucleoside yahinduwe, bigatuma ikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye.

Ibyingenzi

Kuvumbura ibiyobyabwenge:

Imiti igabanya ubukana: nucleoside yahinduwe yakoreshejwe mugutezimbere imiti itandukanye. Kurugero, zirashobora gushirwaho kugirango zibuze synthesis ya ADN cyangwa yibasire kanseri yihariye ya kanseri.

Imiti igabanya ubukana: nucleoside yahinduwe ikoreshwa mugukora imiti igabanya ubukana ishobora kubuza kwandura virusi. Urugero ruzwi cyane ni ugukoresha nucleoside zahinduwe mu rukingo rwa COVID-19 mRNA.

Imiti igabanya ubukana: nucleoside yahinduwe nayo yerekanye amasezerano mugutezimbere antibiyotike nshya.

Ubwubatsi bwa genetike:

Urukingo rwa mRNA: Nucleoside yahinduwe ningingo zingenzi zinkingo za mRNA, kuko zishobora kuzamura ituze nubudahangarwa bwa mRNA.

Antisense oligonucleotide: Izi molekile, zagenewe guhuza ibihe byihariye bya mRNA, zirashobora guhindurwa kugirango zitezimbere kandi zihamye.

Ubuvuzi bwa Gene: Nucleoside yahinduwe irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora oligonucleotide yahinduwe mugukoresha imiti ivura gene, nko gukosora inenge.

Ibikoresho by'ubushakashatsi:

Nucleic aside probe: Nucleoside yahinduwe irashobora kwinjizwa mubushakashatsi bwakoreshejwe mubuhanga nka fluorescence muburyo bwa Hybridisation (FISH) hamwe nisesengura rya microarray.

Aptamers: Izi nucleic acide imwe imwe irashobora guhindurwa kugirango ihuze intego runaka, nka poroteyine cyangwa molekile nto, kandi ifite porogaramu mugupima no kuvura.

Inyungu za Nucleoside zahinduwe

Kunoza umutekano: nucleoside ihinduwe irashobora kongera ituze rya acide nucleic, bigatuma irwanya iyangirika ryimisemburo.

Kongera umwihariko: Guhindura birashobora kunoza umwihariko wimikoranire ya acide nucleic, bigatuma hashobora kwibasirwa neza na molekile yihariye yibinyabuzima.

Kongera imbaraga za selile: Nucleoside yahinduwe irashobora gushushanywa kugirango iteze imbere selile, byongere imbaraga mubikorwa byo kuvura.

Umwanzuro

Nucleoside yahinduwe yahinduye ibintu bitandukanye, kuva kuvumbura ibiyobyabwenge kugeza mubwubatsi. Guhinduranya kwabo hamwe nubushobozi bwo guhuza ibikorwa byihariye bituma bakora ibikoresho ntagereranywa kubashakashatsi n'abaganga. Mugihe dusobanukiwe na chimie acide nucleique ikomeje kwiyongera, turashobora kwitega kubona nibindi bishya bishya bya nucleoside yahinduwe mugihe kizaza.